C、传统 C++ 

#include <assert.h> //设定插入点 
#include <ctype.h> //字符处理 
#include <errno.h> //定义错误码 
#include <float.h> //浮点数处理 
#include <fstream.h> //文件输入／输出 
#include <iomanip.h> //参数化输入／输出 
#include <iostream.h> //数据流输入／输出 
#include <limits.h> //定义各种数据类型最值常量 
#include <locale.h> //定义本地化函数 
#include <math.h> //定义数学函数 
#include <stdio.h> //定义输入／输出函数 
#include <stdlib.h> //定义杂项函数及内存分配函数 
#include <string.h> //字符串处理 
#include <strstrea.h> //基于数组的输入／输出 
#include <time.h> //定义关于时间的函数 
#include <wchar.h> //宽字符处理及输入／输出 
#include <wctype.h> //宽字符分类 

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

标准 C++ （同上的不再注释） 

#include <algorithm> //STL 通用算法 
#include <bitset> //STL 位集容器 
#include <cctype> 
#include <cerrno> 
#include <clocale> 
#include <cmath> 
#include <complex> //复数类 
#include <cstdio> 
#include <cstdlib> 
#include <cstring> 
#include <ctime> 
#include <deque> //STL 双端队列容器 
#include <exception> //异常处理类 
#include <fstream> 
#include <functional> //STL 定义运算函数（代替运算符） 
#include <limits> 
#include <list> //STL 线性列表容器 
#include <map> //STL 映射容器 
#include <iomanip> 
#include <ios> //基本输入／输出支持 
#include <iosfwd> //输入／输出系统使用的前置声明 
#include <iostream> 
#include <istream> //基本输入流 
#include <ostream> //基本输出流 
#include <queue> //STL 队列容器 
#include <set> //STL 集合容器 
#include <sstream> //基于字符串的流 
#include <stack> //STL 堆栈容器 
#include <stdexcept> //标准异常类 
#include <streambuf> //底层输入／输出支持 
#include <string> //字符串类 
#include <utility> //STL 通用模板类 
#include <vector> //STL 动态数组容器 
#include <cwchar> 
#include <cwctype> 

using namespace std; 

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

C99 增加 

#include <complex.h> //复数处理 
#include <fenv.h> //浮点环境 
#include <inttypes.h> //整数格式转换 
#include <stdbool.h> //布尔环境 
#include <stdint.h> //整型环境 
#include <tgmath.h> //通用类型数学宏 

#include<conio.h> 说明调用DOS控制台I/O子程序的各个函数。 
#include<sio.h> 包含字符串库函数说明的头文件 
#include<slib.h> 包含动态存储与释放函数头文件
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

其他 

#include <windows.h> //windows
#include <unistd.h>//时间

=======================================================
函数 头文件
----------------------------------------------------------------------
abort stdlib. h
abs stdlib. h
acos math. h
asctime time. h
asin math. h
assert assert.h
atan math. h
atan2 math. h
atexit stdlib. h
atof stdlib. h
atoi stdlib. h
atol stdlib. h
bsearch stdlib. h
BUFSIZ stdio. h
calloc stdlib. h
ceil math. h
clearerr stdio. h
clock time. h
CLOCKS-PER-SEC time. h
clock_t time. h
cos math. h
cosh math. h
ctime time. h
difftime time. h
div stdlib. h
div_t stdlib. h
EDOM errno. h
EOF stdio. h
ERANGE errno. h
errno errno. h
exit stdlib. h
EXIT_FAILURE stdlib. h
EXIT_SUCCESS stdlib. h
exp math. h
fabs math. h
fclose stdio. h
feof stdio.h
ferror stdio.h
fflush stdio. h
fgetc stdio.h
fgetpos stdio. h
fgets
stdio.h
FILE stdio. h
FILENAME-MAX stdio. h
floor math. h
fmod math. h
fopen stdio. h
FOPEN_MAX stdio. h
fpos_t stdio. h
fpnntf stdio. h
fputc stdio.h
fputs stdio. h
head stdio. h
free stdlib. h
freopen stdio. h
frexp math. h
fscanf stdio. h
fseek stdio. h
fsetpos stdio. h
ftell stdio. h
fwrite stdio. h
getc stdio.h
getchar stdio. h
getenv stdlib. h
gets stdio.h
gmtime time. h
HUGE-VAL math.h
_IOFBF stdio. h
_IOLBF stdio. h
_IONBF stdio. h
isalnum ctype. h
isalpha ctype. h
iscntrl ctype. h
isdigit ctype. h
isgraph ctype. h
islower ctype. h
isprint ctype. h
ispunct ctype. h
isspace ctype. h
isupper ctype. h
isxdigit ctype. h
jmp_buf setjmp. h
labs stdlib. h
LC_ALL locale. h
LC_COLLATE locale. h
LC_CTYPE locale. h
LC_MONETARY locale. h
LC_NUMERIC locale. h
LC_TIME locale. h
struct lconv locale. h
ldexp math. h
ldiv stdlib. h
ldiv_t stdlib. h
localeconv locale. h
localtime time. h
log math. h
log10 math. h
longjmp setjmp. h
L_tmpnam stdio. h
malloc stdlib. h
mblen stdlib. h
mbstowcs stdlib. h
mbtowc stdlib. h
MB_CUR_MAX stdlib. h
memchr string. h
memcmp string. h
memcpy string. h
memmove string. h
memset string. h
mktime time. h
modf math. h
NDEBUG assert. h
NULL locale. h.stddef. h.stdio. h.stdlib. h.string. h.time. h
offsetof stddef. h
perror stdio.h
pow math. h
printf stdio.h
ptrdiff_t stddef. h
putc stdio. h
putchar stdio. h
puts
stdio. h
qsort stdlib. h
raise signal. h
rand stdlib. h
RAND_MAX stdlib. h
realloc stdlib. h
remove stdio. h
rename stdio. h
rewind stdio. h
scanf stdio.h
SEEK_CUR stdio. h
SEEK_END stdio. h
SEEK_SET stdio. h
setbuf stdio. h
setjmp setjmp. h
setlocale locale. h
setvbuf stdio. h
SIGABRT signal. h
SIGFPE signal. h
SIGILL signal. h
SIGINT signal. h
signal signal. h
SIGSEGV signal. h
SIGTERM signal. h
sig_atomic_t signal. h
SIG_DFL signal. h
SIG_ERR signal. h
SIG_IGN signal. h
sin math. h
sinh math. h
size_t stddef. h.stdlib. h.string. h
sprintf stdio. h
sqrt math. h
srand stdlib. h
sscanf stdio. h
stderr stdio.h
stdin stdio. h
stdout stdio. h
strcat string. h
strchr string. h
strcmp string. h
strcoll string. h
strcpy string. h
strcspn string. h
strerror string.h
strftime time. h
strlen string. h
strncat string. h
strncmp string. h
strncpy string. h
strpbrk string. h
strrchr string. h
strspn string. h
strstr string. h
strtod stdlib. h
strtok string. h
strtol stdlib. h
strtoul stdlib. h
strxfrm string. h
system stblib. h
tan math. h
tanh math. h
time time. h
time_t time. h
struct tm time. h
tmpfile stdio. h
tmpnam stdio. h
TMP_MAX stdio. h
tolower ctype. h
toupper ctype. h
ungetc stdio. h
va_arg stdarg. h
va_end stdarg. h
valist stdarg. h
va_ start stdarg. h
vfprintf stdio. h
vprintf stdio. h
vsprintf stdio. h
wchar_t stddef. h
wcsto  stdlib. h
mbs stdlib. h
wctomb stdlib. h